BIOGRAPHY
John Fogerty's goal for the line, "Rollin', rollin', rollin' on the
river," in the song "Proud Mary" was to evoke male gospel harmonies, as
exemplified by groups such as the Swan Silvertones, the Sensational
Nightingales, and the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi.
The group originated in 1936 as a quartet of students from the Piney
Woods School near Jackson, Mississippi. The students — Brownlee, Joseph
Ford, Lawrence Abrams, and Lloyd Woodard — originally sang under the name
"the Cotton Blossom Singers", performing jubilee quartet and secular
material, to raise money for the school. Their teacher, Martha Louise
Morrow Foxx, helped organize the blind singers at the behest of the school
founder Laurence C. Jones. On March 9, 1937, Brownlee and the others
recorded sacred tunes (as the Blind Boys) and three secular numbers (as
Abraham, Woodard, and Patterson) for Library of Congress researcher Alan
Lomax.
After graduation in the early forties, they began performing
professionally singing pop music as the Cotton Blossom Singers and
religious material under the name The Jackson Harmoneers. They were often
backed by a female jazz band which originated from the same country school
known as "The International Sweethearts of Rhythm." In the early 1940s,
Melvin Henderson, also known as Melvin Hendrix, joined the group making
them—like many so-called quartets—actually a quintet.
In the mid-1940s, Brownlee and the others relocated to Chicago, and
changed their name to the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi. Under the
influence of R.H. Harris of the Soul Stirrers, Brownlee moved away from
the jubilee style of singing and towards a more popular hard gospel style.
Even though Harris' influence was persuasive—the Blind Boys at first
covered Soul Stirrers songs almost exclusively—Brownlee's high voice,
which could move from a sweet croon to a devastating scream, was one of
the most recognizable in gospel. Though blind from birth, he would also
sometimes leap from a stage into the audience below .
With the addition of hard gospel shouter Rev. Percell Perkins (1917-2003)
(who replaced Henderson), the Blind Boys moved into their period of
greatest fame. Perkins, who was not blind, became the group's manager, and
they began to record, first for Excelsior in 1946, then for Coleman in
1948. Ford was replaced by another blind bass singer who later regained
his sight and had to leave the group. He was replaced by J.T. Clinkscales,
in that year, and in 1950 the group moved to Peacock Records where they
recorded the hit "Our Father" at their first session.
And over the course of 10 years the Blind Boys recorded such hits as "Old
Ship Of Zion", "Coming Home", "Will Jesus Be Waiting?", "Song Of Praise",
"I Wonder, Do You?", "In The Wilderness", "I Never Heard A Man", "Let's
Have Church", "Leave You In The Hands Of The Lord", and "Someone Watches".
Brownlee died of pneumonia while touring in New Orleans on February 8,
1960, at the age of 34, and not long after Perkins left as well to go into
the ministry.
Brownlee was, at first, replaced by Roscoe Robinson and, after Robinson
left the group to go out on his own, by the very able lead Henry Johnson,
who, like Brownlee, made devastating screams. Quartet veteran Willmer
Broadnax took the position of second lead. He was later replaced by Willie
Mincey. Broadnax, in particular, had a high voice which was comparable, in
some respects, to Brownlee's. Other singers who worked with the group for
a time included Rev. Sammy Lewis, Rev. George Warren, James Watts, and
Vance Powell.
By the end of the 1960s, the group had released 27 singles and 2 albums
for Peacock. In the 1970s and early 1980s, they recorded some material for
Jewel, and they continued to tour into the 1990s. Of the three remaining
members of the original group, Lloyd Woodard died in June 1973, Lawrence
Abrams passed on in August, 1982, and Henry Johnson passed on December 10,
1999.
The Five Blind Boys of Mississippi should not be confused with The Blind
Boys of Alabama, a group led by Clarence Fountain. There is some dispute
as to which of the two groups was named first. Some sources say that the
Five Blind Boys took their name when Percell Perkins joined them in the
mid-1940s. According to Fountain, however, the two groups were actually
christened simultaneously during a Newark, New Jersey quartet contest in
1948.
(Wikipedia)